Mazandaran is an Iranian province located along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and adjacent to Central Alborz mountain range, in central-northern Iran. Mazandarān Province is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, notably large reservoirs of oil and natural gas. The province’s four largest counties are Sari, Amol, Nour, and Tonekābon. The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and rainforest stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Alborz sierra, including Mount Damavand, one of the highest peaks and volcanos in Asia. More than 800 registered historical and cultural sites, 338 km of shorelines, mineral springs in jungles and mountains, waterfalls, and caves are among the major tourism attractions in the Mazandaran province. The province covers an area of 23,842 km2. Sari is the capital city of the province. From the geographical point of view, Mazandaran province is divided into two parts i.e. coastal plain and the mountainous area. It has a variety of climates, including the mild and humid climate of Caspian shoreline and the moderate and cold climate of mountainous regions. Human habitation in the area dates back to 75,000 years ago. Recent excavations in Gohar Tappeh in Behshahr is a proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region. Mazandaran is one of the oldest areas with sedentary lifestyle. In the early 200 century, by constructing seven new roads and railways, the provinces of Mazandaran and Gilan became known as Shomal by all Iranians (meaning “the North” in Persian). The population is mostly dedicated to Mazandaran is,
Damavand from Abbasabad
Mazandaran is an Iranian province located along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and adjacent to Central Alborz mountain range, in central-northern Iran. Mazandarān Province is one of the most densely populated provinces in Iran and has diverse natural resources, notably large reservoirs of oil and natural gas. The province’s four largest counties are Sari, Amol, Nour, and Tonekābon. The diverse nature of the province features plains, prairies, forests and rainforest stretching from the sandy beaches of the Caspian Sea to the rugged and snowcapped Alborz sierra, including Mount Damavand, one of the highest peaks and volcanos in Asia. More than 800 registered historical and cultural sites, 338 km of shorelines, mineral springs in jungles and mountains, waterfalls, and caves are among the major tourism attractions in the Mazandaran province.
Gold cup kalardasht
The province covers an area of 23,842 km2. Sari is the capital city of the province. From the geographical point of view, Mazandaran province is divided into two parts i.e. coastal plain and the mountainous area. It has a variety of climates, including the mild and humid climate of Caspian shoreline and the moderate and cold climate of mountainous regions.
Caviar on Black
Human habitation in the area dates back to 75,000 years ago. Recent excavations in Gohar Tappeh in Behshahr is a proof that the area has been urbanized for more than 5,000 years, and the area is considered one of the most important historical sites of Iran. It has played an important role in cultural and urban development of the region. Mazandaran is one of the oldest areas with sedentary lifestyle. In the early 200 century, by constructing seven new roads and railways, the provinces of Mazandaran and Gilan became known as Shomal by all Iranians (meaning “the North” in Persian).
Vase with grape harvesting scenes BM
The population is mostly dedicated to Mazandaran is, with a minority of Azerbaijan is, Georgians, Armenians, Circassians, Turkmen, Gilaks and others. Mazanderani or Tabari is a Northwestern Iranian language. Various Mazandarani dialects are spoken in Mazandaran province and the neighbor province Golestan such as Mazanderani, and Gorgani and possibly Qadikolai (Ghadikolai) and Palani. Tirgan, tying rainbow-colored bands on wrists and Varf chal are some of the important customs in this province.
Caspian Sea in MazandaranMazandaran Sevatcow Dowab
Reference: Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts & Tourism Organization of Iran, Iran Travel guide. Iran: 2018
The province of Golestan is in the southeast of the Caspian Sea with an area of 20,380.7 square km. The center of Golestan province is Gorgan. Golestān enjoys mild and a temperate climate most of the year. Geographically, it is divided into two sections: The plains, and the mountains of Alborz range. In the eastem Alborz section, the direction of mountains faces northeast and gradually decreases in height. The highest point of the province is Shavar, with a height of 3,945 meters. Golestan province is divided into two sections, being the plain and mountainous parts, in the direction of Alborz Mountains, surrounding the shore and Caspian plain like an elevated wall. The ground slope reduces from the heights to the plains towards the Caspian Sea. In the southern and eastern plains of the Caspian Sea, influenced by the movements of earth and local winds, sandy hills have formed and a natural shallow dam has been created between the plain and the sea. In the eastern Alborz, the direction of mountains is towards the northeast and gradually reduces in height. Its southern mountains are Abar-Kouh Mountains and its highest summit being Shavar. The northern range is Shah-Kouh which confronts the plain of Gorgān like a wall. Its highest peak being Pirgard, reaching a height of 3,204 m. The historical background of this land dates 1 back to 7,000 years ago and the Kiaram Cave, located in the village of Galikesh (Farang) it dates back to the Paleolithic period. Recent research has shown that the Gorgān region has been home to pre-Aryan civilization since 6,000 years ago; the earliest works of the Neoli period have been found from the Kamarband and Hoto cave ne the acquaintance of the knitting, domesticatio goats and the polish Torang-Tappeh Hill, near Gorgan, have also shown that
The province of Golestan is in the southeast of the Caspian Sea with an area of 20,380.7 square km. The center of Golestan province is Gorgan.
Golestān enjoys mild and a temperate climate most of the year. Geographically, it is divided into two sections: The plains, and the mountains of Alborz range. In the eastem Alborz section, the direction of mountains faces northeast and gradually decreases in height. The highest point of the province is Shavar, with a height of 3,945 meters. Golestan province is divided into two sections, being the plain and mountainous parts, in the direction of Alborz Mountains, surrounding the shore and Caspian plain like an elevated wall. The ground slope reduces from the heights to the plains towards the Caspian Sea. In the southern and eastern plains of the Caspian Sea, influenced by the movements of earth and local winds, sandy hills have formed and a natural shallow dam has been created between the plain and the sea. In the eastern Alborz, the direction of mountains is towards the northeast and gradually reduces in height. Its southern mountains are Abar-Kouh Mountains and its highest summit being Shavar. The northern range is Shah-Kouh which confronts the plain of Gorgān like a wall. Its highest peak being Pirgard, reaching a height of 3,204 m.
Gonbad-e_Qabus_Tower_by_Hadi_Karimi
The historical background of this land dates 1 back to 7,000 years ago and the Kiaram Cave, located in the village of Galikesh (Farang) it dates back to the Paleolithic period. Recent research has shown that the Gorgān region has been home to pre-Aryan civilization since 6,000 years ago; the earliest works of the Neoli period have been found from the Kamarband and Hoto cave ne the acquaintance of the knitting, domesticatio goats and the polish Torang-Tappeh Hill, near Gorgan, have also shown that the area has large irrigation, as much as the burned city in Sistan. The name of this land has been alternately written in the Achaemenid script, including the statue of Dariush in BiSotoun as Varganeh, in Pahlavi scripts as Gurkan.The Varg word in the language of Tabari means the wolf.
Golestān
The history of human settlements in the territory of Gorgan dates to a millennium BC. The evidences of the ancient city of Jorjan are near the current city of Gorgan. This was one of the important cities of Iran, located on the Silk Road. The Gorgan of today was known as Astar- Abad, One of the Baluch, Turks, Afqans and Armenians also reside in this area, and have preserved their traditions and rituals.
The Turkmens reside in the north of the province, a plain called Turkmen Sahra. From the 15th century, these formerly nomadic people have lived in this area, the main cities of which are Gonbad-e Kavus and Bandar Torkaman. Turkmens are Muslim and follow the Hanafi school of Sunni interpretation. They are a sizable minority at cities such as Gorgān, Ali Abad, Kalaleh and many of eastern townships. Turkmens are totally Sunni in their makeup.
Reference: Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts & Tourism Organization of Iran, Iran Travel guide. Iran: 2018
The province is located to the northern of Iran and southwest of the Caspian Sea. Its neighbors are: Caspian Sea and Azerbāijān to the north, Ardabil Province to the West, Qazvin and Zanjan Provinces to the South and Mazandaran Province to the East. Relying on some archeological excavations and hints, Gilin’s origination can be dated back to the period before the last ice age (between 50 and 150 thousand years ago). With an area of 14,711 square km, Gilan province encompasses 0.9% of Iran’s total area and therefore, it ranks 26 among the country’s provinces in terms of total area. Gilān is constituted of three geographical areas: plains, foothills, and mountains. Tālesh, Khalkhāl and Deylaman mountains are the three mountain ranges that encompass the Gilän province. There are more than 40 rivers in Gilān Province and Sefid-Roud River is the most important one. Rainfall is heavis all is heaviest between September and December because the onshore winds from the Siberian High are strongest, but it occurs throughout the year though least abundantly from April to July. Humidity is very high because of the marshy character of the coastal plains and can reach 90 percent in summer for wet bulb temperatures of over 26 °C. That the native inhabitants of Gilan have originating roots in the Caucasus is supported by genetics and language, as Gilaks are genetically closer to ethnic peoples of the Caucasus (such as the Georgians) than they are other ethnic groups in Iran. Their languages shares typologic features with Caucasian languages. The city used to be the origin of the Buyid dynasty. The people of the province had a prominent position during the Sassanid dynasty, so that their political power extended to Mesopotamia. The first recorded encounter between Gilänis and Deylamite warlords and invading Muslim Arab armies was
The province is located to the northern of Iran and southwest of the Caspian Sea. Its neighbors are: Caspian Sea and Azerbāijān to the north, Ardabil Province to the West, Qazvin and Zanjan Provinces to the South and Mazandaran Province to the East. Relying on some archeological excavations and hints, Gilin’s origination can be dated back to the period before the last ice age (between 50 and 150 thousand years ago).RudkhanCastle
With an area of 14,711 square km, Gilan province encompasses 0.9% of Iran’s total area and therefore, it ranks 26 among the country’s provinces in terms of total area. Gilān is constituted of three geographical areas: plains, foothills, and mountains. Tālesh, Khalkhāl and Deylaman mountains are the three mountain ranges that encompass the Gilän province. There are more than 40 rivers in Gilān Province and Sefid-Roud River is the most important one. Rainfall is heavis all is heaviest between September and December because the onshore winds from the Siberian High are strongest, but it occurs throughout the year though least abundantly from April to July. Humidity is very high because of the marshy character of the coastal plains and can reach 90 percent in summer for wet bulb temperatures of over 26 °C.
Ghaleye_Rud_Khan
That the native inhabitants of Gilan have originating roots in the Caucasus is supported by genetics and language, as Gilaks are genetically closer to ethnic peoples of the Caucasus (such as the Georgians) than they are other ethnic groups in Iran. Their languages shares typologic features with Caucasian languages. The city used to be the origin of the Buyid dynasty. The people of the province had a prominent position during the Sassanid dynasty, so that their political power extended to Mesopotamia.
Waterfall_Laton
The first recorded encounter between Gilänis and Deylamite warlords and invading Muslim Arab armies was at the Battle of Jalula in 637 AD. Before the introduction of silk production Gilan was a poor province. There were no permanent trade routes linking Gilan to Persia. But small trade in smoked fish and wood products. It seems that the city of Qazvin was initially a fortress town again marauding bands of Deylamites, another sign that the economy of the province couldn’t support its population. This changed with the introduction of the silk worm in the late Middle Ages.The Safavid emperor, Shal Abbas1ended the rule of Khan Ahmad Khan of Gilan) and annexed the province directly to his empire. From this point onward, rulers of Gilan were appointed b After World War I. Gilan came to be ruled independently of the central goverment of Tehran and concern arose that the province might permanently parate. Before the war, Gilänis had played an imortant role in the Constitutional Revolution of Iran. Sepahdar-e Tonekāboni (Rashti) was a prominent figure in the early years of the revolution and was instrumental in defeating Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar. In the late 1910s, many Gilänis gathered under the leadership of Mirza Kuchik Khan who became the most prominent revolutionary leader in northern Iran in this period. Khan’s movement, known as the Jonbesh-e Jangal (Forest movement of Gilán), had sent an armed brigade to Tehran that helped depose the Qajar ruler Mohammad Ali Shah.
Masouleh_-_panoramio
Five Iranian languages are spoken in Gilan Gilaki,Roudbāri, Täleshi, Tati and Kurdish. All belong to the northwestern branch of Iranian languages. Non-Iranian languages are mainly Azerbaijan i and to a greater extent Georgian, Armenian, Circassian, and some Gypsy (Romany). Three million people speak Gilaki as first or second language.
Asalem_Khalkhal_road_-_Zalzareh_-_panoramio_
Gilan has a strong culinary tradition, from which several dishes have come to be adopted across Iran. This richness derives in part from the climate, which allows for a wide variety of fruit, vegetables and nuts to be grown in the province. Seafood is a particularly strong component of Giläni (and Mazandarani) cuisine. Sturgeon, often smoked or served as kebab, and caviar are delicacies along the whole Caspian littoral.y the Persian Shah.
Beaker
Reference: Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts & Tourism Organization of Iran, Iran Travel guide. Iran: 2018
The Qazvin province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in the northwest of Iran, with the city of Qazvin as center. The province was put as part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014. 68.05% of Qazvin population lives in cities and 31.95% in villages. The ratio of men to women is 50.7 to 49.3%.99.61% of the province population were Muslims and 0.39% of the rest came from other religions. The literacy rate is over 82%, ranking 7th in Iran. The province covers 15821 km2 between 48-45 to 50-50 east of Greenwich Meridian of longitude and 35-37 to 36-45 north latitude of the equator. The province is bounded on the north by Māzandaran and Gilān, on the west by Hamadān and Zanjān, on the south by Markazi and on the east by Tehrān provinces. The famous mountains of the province are those of Siālān, Shāh Alborz, Khashchal. Sephid-Kouh, Shojä al-din, Alehtareh, Rämand Agh-Dāgh, Kharaghan, Sāridagh, Soltan-Pir, and Siāhkouh, in which Siälän with a height of 4175 m and Shāh Alborz which is 4056 m are the highest, all are part of the central range of Alborz. The lowest point of the province is in Tarom-e Sofla. The climate of the province in the northern parts is cold and snowy in winters and temperate in summers. In the southern parts the climate is mild with comparatively cold winters and warm summers. The annual rainfall of the province varies from 210 mm in the eastern regions to more than 550 mm at northeast elevations. The maximum rainfall is in the northeast slopes of Alamout with more than 550 mm. Qazvin was formerly the capital of the Persian Empire, containing over 2000 architectural
The Qazvin province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in the northwest of Iran, with the city of Qazvin as center. The province was put as part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014. 68.05% of Qazvin population lives in cities and 31.95% in villages. The ratio of men to women is 50.7 to 49.3%.99.61% of the province population were Muslims and 0.39% of the rest came from other religions. The literacy rate is over 82%, ranking 7th in Iran.
Miremad
The province covers 15821 km2 between 48-45 to 50-50 east of Greenwich Meridian of longitude and 35-37 to 36-45 north latitude of the equator. The province is bounded on the north by Māzandaran and Gilān, on the west by Hamadān and Zanjān, on the south by Markazi and on the east by Tehrān provinces. The famous mountains of the province are those of Siālān, Shāh Alborz, Khashchal. Sephid-Kouh, Shojä al-din, Alehtareh, Rämand Agh-Dāgh, Kharaghan, Sāridagh, Soltan-Pir, and Siāhkouh, in which Siälän with a height of 4175 m and Shāh Alborz which is 4056 m are the highest, all are part of the central range of Alborz. The lowest point of the province is in Tarom-e Sofla. The climate of the province in the northern parts is cold and snowy in winters and temperate in summers. In the southern parts the climate is mild with comparatively cold winters and warm summers. The annual rainfall of the province varies from 210 mm in the eastern regions to more than 550 mm at northeast elevations. The maximum rainfall is in the northeast slopes of Alamout with more than 550 mm.
Avan
Qazvin was formerly the capital of the Persian Empire, containing over 2000 architectural and archeological sites. It is a provincial capital today that has been a cultural center throughout history. Archeological findings in the Qazvin plain reveal the existence of urban agricultural settlements as far back as 7000 BC. The name ‘Qazvin’ or ‘Kasbin’ is derived from Cas, an ancient tribe that lived south of the Caspian Sea millennia ago. The Caspian Sea itself derives its name from the same origin. Qazvin geographically connects Tehran, Isfahan, and the Persian Gulf to the Caspian seacoast and Asia Minor, hence has had strategic location throughout the ages.
Qazvin carpet
Qazvin has been the one of the main centers of tant developments in Iranian history. In the early ors of the Islamic era Qazvin served as a base for e Arab forces. Following destroyed by Genghis Khan, the Safavid monarchs made Qazvin the capital of the Safavid empire in 1548 only to have it moved to Isfahān in 1598. During the Qajar Dynasty and contemporary period, Qazvin has always been one of the most important governmental centers due to its proximity to Tehrān. Abbas Mirza, a Crown Prince and Minister of Commerce, was also the governor of Qazvin.
Barajin, Qazvin, Iran
It is situated close to Alamout, where the famous hasan-e Sabbah, founder of the secret Ismaili cult, dominated. The majority of the people of the province as well I as the city of Qazvin are Persian people and the main language of the people of Qazvin is Persian with the Qazvini accent. Other minority languages include Azeri, Tati, Kurdish, Lori, and Romanian.
Alamut
Reference: Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts & Tourism Organization of Iran, Iran Travel guide. Iran: 2018
East Azarbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in Iranian Āzerbāijān , bordering with Armenia, Republic of Āzerbăijān , Ardabil, West Āzerbāijān , and Zanjān Provinces. The capital of East Āzerbāijān is Tabriz. The province covers an area of approximately 47,830 km2, with the historical city of Tabriz as the most important city of Tabriz as the most important city of this province, culturally, politically, and commercially. The province has common borders with the current Republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Nakhchivan. A fine network of roads and railways connect East Āzerbaijan to other parts of Iran and neighboring countries. The highest peak of East Āzerbāijān is Sahand Mountain at 3,722 m elevation, lying south of Tabriz. East Azerbāijān enjoys a cool, dry climate, being in the main mountainous region. But the gentle breezes off the Caspian Sea have some influence on the climate of the low areas. Temperatures run up to 8.9 °C in Tabriz, and 20 °C in Maraqeh, in the winter drops to 10 to 15 °C at least. The ideal seasons to visit this province are spring and summer. East Āzerbāijān is one of the most Ancient territories in Iran. During the reign of Alexander of Macedon in Iran (331 BCE), a warrior known as Attorpat led a revolt, then it was a territory of the Medes, and thereafter called Attorpatkan. Islamic researchers proclaim that the birth of the prophet Zoroaster was in this area, near Lake Orumieh (Chichesht), Konzak City. The most outstanding features of East Azarbayjan culture is language of Azari/Azerice, and folklore of this region. Apart from this, the province also boasts numerous learned scholars, Gnostics and several national poets such as contemporary poet Ostad Mohammad Hossein Shahriyar. The current leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is originally
East Azarbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in Iranian Āzerbāijān , bordering with Armenia, Republic of Āzerbăijān , Ardabil, West Āzerbāijān , and Zanjān Provinces. The capital of East Āzerbāijān is Tabriz. The province covers an area of approximately 47,830 km2, with the historical city of Tabriz as the most important city of Tabriz as the most important city of this province, culturally, politically, and commercially.
The province has common borders with the current Republics of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Nakhchivan. A fine network of roads and railways connect East Āzerbaijan to other parts of Iran and neighboring countries. The highest peak of East Āzerbāijān is Sahand Mountain at 3,722 m elevation, lying south of Tabriz. East Azerbāijān enjoys a cool, dry climate, being in the main mountainous region. But the gentle breezes off the Caspian Sea have some influence on the climate of the low areas.
Ammand_Dam
Temperatures run up to 8.9 °C in Tabriz, and 20 °C in Maraqeh, in the winter drops to 10 to 15 °C at least. The ideal seasons to visit this province are spring and summer. East Āzerbāijān is one of the most Ancient territories in Iran. During the reign of Alexander of Macedon in Iran (331 BCE), a warrior known as Attorpat led a revolt, then it was a territory of the Medes, and thereafter called Attorpatkan. Islamic researchers proclaim that the birth of the prophet Zoroaster was in this area, near Lake Orumieh (Chichesht), Konzak City. The most outstanding features of East Azarbayjan culture is language of Azari/Azerice, and folklore of this region.
Apart from this, the province also boasts numerous learned scholars, Gnostics and several national poets such as contemporary poet Ostad Mohammad Hossein Shahriyar.
Pol-e_Dokhtar_or_Bridge_of_the_Daughter_in_Iran
The current leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is originally from this region. Iran’s Cultural Heritage Organization has registered 936 sites of historical significance in the province. Some are contemporary, and some are from the antiquity of ancient Persia. “Zahak Citadel”, for example, is the name of an ancient ruin in East Azerbāijān, which according to various experts, was inhabited from the second millennium BC until the Timurid era. East Āzerbāijān enjoys a rich compendium of Azeri traditions.
Azerbaijani_Afshan_rug
Many local dances and folk songs continue to survive among the various peoples of the province. As a longstanding province of Iran, Azerbāijān is mentioned favorably on many occasions in Persian literature by greatest authors and poets.
Reference: Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts & Tourism Organization of Iran, Iran Travel guide. Iran: 2018
Persian Pottery: A Masterpiece of Pottery Art "The taste and talent of this people can be seen through the designs of their earthen wares", R. Ghirshman The history of the art of pottery in Iran goes back into ancient time. When agriculture came into existence and cultivation started on Iran's plateau by primitive races of this land, people made utensils of baked clay in order to meet their needs. Earthenware is actually one of the oldest handicrafts in the world. Among the most famous old pottery, pitchers and bowls can be named. Before glass manufacturing became widespread, most dishes used by humans were pottery. The best-performing soil for pottery is clay, which because of the large amounts of iron is red. Iran can be called the birthplace of designed earthenware utensils. Designing earthenware in Iran started about 4,000 BC. In Iran pottery manufacture has a long and brilliant history. Due to the special geographical position of the country, being at the crossroads of ancient civilizations and on important caravan routes, almost every part of Iran was, at times, involved in pottery making. Yet, recent excavations and archaeological research revealed that there were four major pottery-manufacturing areas in the Iranian plateau. These included the western part of the country, namely the area west of the Zagros mountains (Lurestan), and the area south of the Caspian Sea (Gilan and Mazandaran provinces). These two areas are chronologically as far as is known today, the earliest. The third region is located in the northwestern part of the country, in Azarbaijan province. The fourth area is in the southeast, i.e. the Kerman region and Baluchestan. To these four regions one may also add the Kavir area, where the history of pottery making can be dated back to the 8th millennium BCE. Currently, pottery art is
Persian Pottery: A Masterpiece of Pottery Art
“The taste and talent of this people can be seen through the designs of their earthen wares”, R. Ghirshman
The history of the art of pottery in Iran goes back into ancient time. When agriculture came into existence and cultivation started on Iran’s plateau by primitive races of this land, people made utensils of baked clay in order to meet their needs.
Earthenware is actually one of the oldest handicrafts in the world. Among the most famous old pottery, pitchers and bowls can be named. Before glass manufacturing became widespread, most dishes used by humans were pottery. The best-performing soil for pottery is clay, which because of the large amounts of iron is red.
Iran can be called the birthplace of designed earthenware utensils. Designing earthenware in Iran started about 4,000 BC. In Iran pottery manufacture has a long and brilliant history. Due to the special geographical position of the country, being at the crossroads of ancient civilizations and on important caravan routes, almost every part of Iran was, at times, involved in pottery making. Yet, recent excavations and archaeological research revealed that there were four major pottery-manufacturing areas in the Iranian plateau. These included the western part of the country, namely the area west of the Zagros mountains (Lurestan), and the area south of the Caspian Sea (Gilan and Mazandaran provinces). These two areas are chronologically as far as is known today, the earliest.
The third region is located in the northwestern part of the country, in Azarbaijan province. The fourth area is in the southeast, i.e. the Kerman region and Baluchestan. To these four regions one may also add the Kavir area, where the history of pottery making can be dated back to the 8th millennium BCE.
Currently, pottery art is popular in traditional and industrial ways in Iran, and its main centers are Laljin, Hamedan; Meybod, Yazd; Kalporagan, Sistan and Baluchestan; Shahvar, Minab; Mend, Gonabad; Zonoz, Tabriz; Kharmohre, Qom; Mazandaran; Gamaj, Gilan, Semnan; Saveh, Markazi; and Shahreza, Isfahan.
Laljin, Center of Persian Pottery
Laljin is known as the Middle East pottery and ceramic center. 80 percent of the population of the city of Laljin is engaged in pottery and ceramic works. This city is one of the major centers of pottery and ceramics in Iran and the world. The products of the hard-working artists of this region, in addition to nearby cities of Iran, are exported to many other countries. Laljin’s pottery is very diverse and includes a variety of decorative and consumable dishes.
Although pottery is a very old industry, but with time and expanding urban life, this art has not only disappeared but also evolved and adapted itself to the needs of today’s life. Over time, humans have drawn more beautiful styles with different colors on these dishes, and its beauty has doubled.
Most of the pottery in this area is marketed without a single-glazed stone. The products of this area are very diverse and in terms of soil and glaze, are relatively better than other parts of Iran. The colors of the glazes made in Hamedan are often Azure, Blue, Navy blue, Salmon, Yellow, Green, Turquoise and Brown.
Embossed role tableau and small sculptures are among the most popular gifts in today’s world. One of the most beautiful-seeming of these days is the great pottery signs at Tehran metro stations. Mahdi Abbasi Nezhad, the pottery maker in our country, has built many of these precious pottery pieces, which we see below is an example of his art.
Rasht city is located in the province that from one way it is near the sea and from the other way it is near forest and mountains so you can find many variations of products and souvenirs in this beautiful green city. It is enough that you go to the Rasht big market and find whatever that you wish there. Rasht has many variations in the part of souvenirs and here you can find some of them. Some of Rasht souvenirs are as follow: Olive Verjuice Orange Jam Cucumber Pumpkin Jam Halva brain Varieties of birds and fish Pomegranate paste Orange flower jam Many kinds of pickles Fooman Muffins Lahijan Muffins Rasht Reshteh khoshkar Reshteh Khoshkar is one of the traditional pastry of Rasht and Gilan province that it can be prepared in travel to this city as a souvenir and consume it. Reshteh khoshkar shows the attitude of Gilani women because this is the pastry that most of them make at home. This pastry has lots of popularity among the people that travel to this region. For preparing this pastry you can go to the confectionaries in this city and buy Reshteh Khoshkar that it makes in front of you. This pastry is, in fact, the cut paste that contains: Nuts brain, cardamom, and spices in the middle of itself. After that, the pastry prepares it will fry in the oil. These are the reason that this pastry has the oily, sweet and very delicious taste. Gilani peoples usually make and consume this pastry at home in the Ramadan month. If you have traveled to Rasht city don’t forget to buy this tasty pastry as the souvenir and eat it with tea either. The whitefish of Rasht The most delicious souvenir of Rasht city is its Whitefish that is
Rasht city is located in the province that from one way it is near the sea and from the other way it is near forest and mountains so you can find many variations of products and souvenirs in this beautiful green city. It is enough that you go to the Rasht big market and find whatever that you wish there. Rasht has many variations in the part of souvenirs and here you can find some of them.
Some of Rasht souvenirs are as follow:
Olive
Verjuice
Orange Jam
Cucumber
Pumpkin Jam
Halva brain
Varieties of birds and fish
Pomegranate paste
Orange flower jam
Many kinds of pickles
Fooman Muffins
Lahijan Muffins
Rasht Reshteh khoshkar
Reshteh Khoshkar is one of the traditional pastry of Rasht and Gilan province that it can be prepared in travel to this city as a souvenir and consume it.
Reshteh khoshkar shows the attitude of Gilani women because this is the pastry that most of them make at home. This pastry has lots of popularity among the people that travel to this region. For preparing this pastry you can go to the confectionaries in this city and buy Reshteh Khoshkar that it makes in front of you. This pastry is, in fact, the cut paste that contains: Nuts brain, cardamom, and spices in the middle of itself. After that, the pastry prepares it will fry in the oil.
These are the reason that this pastry has the oily, sweet and very delicious taste.
Gilani peoples usually make and consume this pastry at home in the Ramadan month. If you have traveled to Rasht city don’t forget to buy this tasty pastry as the souvenir and eat it with tea either.
The whitefish of Rasht
The most delicious souvenir of Rasht city is its Whitefish that is hunting from the Caspian Sea and the rivers in the Gilan province. Whitefish is one of the most desirable fish of the North of Iran. This kind of fish has excellent taste and it is also odorless. Although eating it because of so many tiny bones inside, is not without controversy. People make white fish near the white rice or in the shape of the full stomach. Fish has the many health benefits and consuming it is recommended weekly for everyone by doctors. Fish is the resource for the A, B, D vitamins,omega-3, calcium, phosphorus, and iodine.
For buying fresh white fish go to the Rasht big market.
Rasht Rice
When you are speaking about the North provinces of Iran undesirably you remember the name of the rice before everything. North of Iran has one of the best rice of whole world. Rasht is also one of the manufacturers and providers of cultivated rice for Gilan province. The quality of rice of Gilan is show in their smell and flavor of them also if you put them in your hand you can feel that your hand come to be oily. The people of gilan and Rasht make rice in a different way and consume it. They try to maintain the vitamins and properties of the rice. So don’t forget to buy rice from the North of Iran. Rive is also the most valuable souvenir of Gilan Province.
Gilan Tea
Tea is cultivating in many cities of Gilan Province such as : Rasht, Fooman, Langerud, Somesara, Siahkal. Rasht except of preparing and cultivating tea supply it either and the travelers can easily find their desirable tea there. Tea is the appropriate option as the souvenir because it has the excellent scent and taste and it has also takes less space than the other souvenirs such as Rice. Drinking tea is good for refreshment. Infuse of tea with additives such as orange flower, Cardamom, cinnamon and… each one has advantages and properties.
Rasht Rice Bread
Rasht rice bread that it calls Timi Jan is the kind of bread that is make from the rice flour. Rasht rice bread in terms of appearance is round and thin. Timi Jan is the name of the village that this kind of bread is prepare there and it is specially for there and after that it has find the way to the Rasht markets. Rasht rice bread make by the hand of the tasteful and artist Gilani women that they prepare it specially for Eid and their guests. This pastry because of the Rice flour that it contain has the sweet taste. Rasht people consume this pastry with sesame pudding that is too much tasty and delicious. Rice bread of Rasht is a good souvenir and it is enough to consume it only one time to come to be its client.
Some 3,000 years ago, in the area south of the Caspian Sea in what is now modern Iran, craftsmen developed a distinctive type of pottery. This small installation features some of the outstanding treasures in the Sackler Gallery's collection of ancient Iranian ceramics. It celebrates the talents of ancient Iranian potters, and showcases the high quality of their crafted works. The History of Persian Ceramics Pottery making in the Iranian Plateau dates back to the Early Neolithic Age (7th millennium BCE) with the production of coarse, unglazed wares. Later wares were made from earthenware clays with a layer of white slip (engobe). They were covered by transparent lead glazes and colors were added with oxides. Persian ceramics matured with time into more elaborate styles and techniques.During the 7th century, the Arabs conquered Persian territory as well as Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia. A large part of North Africa was conquered next, including Egypt (see map below).In 717 CE, occupation of the Iberian peninsula took place, making the Arab empire one of the strongest.This set the stage for a development in Persian art forms based on Roman, Greek, Egyptian, and Central Asiatic ideas. The blending of these ideas from many regions was seen in the products of the ceramic industry. Influenced by techniques already practiced in conquered territories, Persian potters developed new forms and styles to produce the fine wares that characterize Persian ceramics. Because refined wares were mostly destined to serve and decorate the homes of the wealthy, or for export, this industry received great patronage and support. During the 9th century under the Abbasid rulership, additional styles and techniques were adopted and refined, later evolving into even more elaborate and exquisite forms. The use of cobalt blue dates to this period, as does the use of other metallic oxides, such
Some 3,000 years ago, in the area south of the Caspian Sea in what is now modern Iran, craftsmen developed a distinctive type of pottery. This small installation features some of the outstanding treasures in the Sackler Gallery’s collection of ancient Iranian ceramics. It celebrates the talents of ancient Iranian potters, and showcases the high quality of their crafted works.
The History of Persian Ceramics
Pottery making in the Iranian Plateau dates back to the Early Neolithic Age (7th millennium BCE) with the production of coarse, unglazed wares. Later wares were made from earthenware clays with a layer of white slip (engobe). They were covered by transparent lead glazes and colors were added with oxides. Persian ceramics matured with time into more elaborate styles and techniques. During the 7th century, the Arabs conquered Persian territory as well as Syria, Palestine and Mesopotamia. A large part of North Africa was conquered next, including Egypt (see map below). In 717 CE, occupation of the Iberian peninsula took place, making the Arab empire one of the strongest.This set the stage for a development in Persian art forms based on Roman, Greek, Egyptian, and Central Asiatic ideas. The blending of these ideas from many regions was seen in the products of the ceramic industry. Influenced by techniques already practiced in conquered territories, Persian potters developed new forms and styles to produce the fine wares that characterize Persian ceramics. Because refined wares were mostly destined to serve and decorate the homes of the wealthy, or for export, this industry received great patronage and support.
During the 9th century under the Abbasid rulership, additional styles and techniques were adopted and refined, later evolving into even more elaborate and exquisite forms. The use of cobalt blue dates to this period, as does the use of other metallic oxides, such as copper, to produce blues and greens. Potters at this time were also experimenting with slip decorations, and were able to control the liquid slip to create elaborate and intricate decorations. Colors such as manganese purple, tomato red, olive green, yellow and brown were applied to the surface and then covered with a transparent glaze, creating a glossy and smooth finish. The 11th century brought dramatic changes to the ceramic industry, influenced by Chinese porcelain ware. For a time Persian potters had tried to imitate the Chinese potter’s porcelain ware, but they were unsuccessful because they lackedkaolin, a fine clay used for the production of porcelain. With the introduction of the Frit Ware, however, Persian potters were able to produce the smooth surface they sought. This new clay body was composed of white clay, powdered glass and quartz. Its soft consistency facilitated the use of new techniques such as engraving, piercing and molding.
By the 12th century, Persian ceramic styles were well established and they set the standards for further innovations and conventions. In the 13th century, however, ceramics took an abrupt turn with the Mongol conquest, and for a time, pottery production halted. Wares made during the Mongol occupation are called Il Kanid wares, referring to the ruling dynasty. In the 14th century the arts revived again, with the invasion of the Timur, under whose rule new centers of pottery production appeared. Kirman became one of the main centers. The control of the Iberian peninsula and the fall of Granada in 1492, added polychrome pottery to the colorful spectrum of Persian ceramic styles. Through the centuries, Persian potters have responded to the demands and changes brought by political turmoil by adopting and refining newly introduced forms and blending them into their own culture. This innovative attitude has survived through time and influenced many other cultures around the world.
A new look at ancient Iranian ceramic
A New Look at Ancient Iranian Ceramics, from the Arthur M. Sackler Foundation, is the first major exhibition of ancient Iranian ceramics in over a decade. The exhibition features forty-five extraordinary pieces that illustrate the 5,000-year ceramic tradition that flourished in ancient, pre-Islamic, Iran until 100 BC. The beautiful, technically sophisticated, and often-amusing ceramics of ancient Iran demonstrate a rich yet little known tradition comparable to pre-Columbian, Chinese and Greek achievements, establishing ancient Iranian pottery as one of the great ceramic traditions. The jugs, jars, beakers and spouted and shaped vessels in the exhibition were used for holding, pouring and drinking liquids, especially wine. Wit and Wine explores how ancient Iranian potters made and decorated these vessels with high quality of craftsmanship and design, and often with a unique sense of humor. Many pieces are shaped like animals or are painted with animal motifs. Interpretations of wild and domesticated animals show elegant deer, powerful rams and amusing goats. Some pieces were created to serve specific functions, such as cosmetic containers, some vessels were made to look like metal, and others are purely sculptural forms. Included in the exhibition are an extraordinary ceramic head and neck of a bull, a vessel in the form of a seated camel, a stag head rhyton (drinking horn), a vessel with a deer’s head spout, a vessel in the form of a stag, a spouted vessel in the shape of a bull, and a delightful vessel with two feet.
Iran Ceramics & Pottery
Ceramic Industry is one of the oldest industries in the world. The first ever-excavated ceramic objects belonging to 10 to 12 thousand years ago were explored in Zagros mountain range in Iran that indicate a long and shining history in it. Archeological studies in Iran have shown that pottery in Iran has a history as old as 8,000 years. One of the most important characteristics of the pottery and ceramics in different regions of Iran is “the expressive and beautiful decorations” on them. These decorations in different parts of Iran are completely compatible with the people’s belief, culture and climate of those areas.
Exceptional and marvelous items were created in that era. Decorating historical monuments and buildings inclusive of mosques in Isfahan and other Iranian towns.The color and quality of Iranian tiles and ceramics are so unique that they have resisted hard climatic and erosive conditions of Iran for centuries. “Sultanabad” and “Lajvardina” are two types of pottery.
Masouleh is the historical and tourism village and it is one of the lush with good climate and fog, in the northern of Iran . Masouleh has cool summers and snowy winters, either. Masouleh is located in the Southwestern province of Gilan in the Fooman Sardar Jangal Part, this city has 60 KM distance from the Rasht city , 36 KM distance from the Fuman city and 20 KM distance from the Maklavan city. The old way of the Masouleh To Khalkhal that has been in the past the communication highway between Golan and Azerbaijan , in order to protect the environment, Masouleh pristine nature and spiritual heritage and preventing the degradation of natural resources, and manipulation, with the involvement of environment Protection Agency and Masouleh Cultural Heritage protected in the last decades from the Gilan. This city in 1354 Solar Hegira have already been registered by 1090 number and put in the list of national monuments as cultural and natural heritage. Masouleh lost most of its population during the construction of new link road between the Gilan village and Azerbaijan and as well as famine in 1320. After registered the Masouleh as a cultural and natural heritage, the allow to construction and development of this village denied by the municipality (founded 1311), Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency, and as a result, thousands of residents of this village over the past seventy years, were living in different parts of Iran, especially Tehran. Right now this city is protecting on issues such as rock falls, floods, landslides, earthquakes, capture to develop civil and human destruction. Masouleh is waiting in line for registration as a World Heritage Site to having more protections. The original language of Masouleh people is as same as the language of the people
Masouleh is the historical and tourism village and it is one of the lush with good climate and fog, in the northern of Iran . Masouleh has cool summers and snowy winters, either. Masouleh is located in the Southwestern province of Gilan in the Fooman Sardar Jangal Part, this city has 60 KM distance from the Rasht city , 36 KM distance from the Fuman city and 20 KM distance from the Maklavan city.
The old way of the Masouleh To Khalkhal that has been in the past the communication highway between Golan and Azerbaijan , in order to protect the environment, Masouleh pristine nature and spiritual heritage and preventing the degradation of natural resources, and manipulation, with the involvement of environment Protection Agency and Masouleh Cultural Heritage protected in the last decades from the Gilan.
This city in 1354 Solar Hegira have already been registered by 1090 number and put in the list of national monuments as cultural and natural heritage. Masouleh lost most of its population during the construction of new link road between the Gilan village and Azerbaijan and as well as famine in 1320.
After registered the Masouleh as a cultural and natural heritage, the allow to construction and development of this village denied by the municipality (founded 1311), Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency, and as a result, thousands of residents of this village over the past seventy years, were living in different parts of Iran, especially Tehran.Right now this city is protecting on issues such as rock falls, floods, landslides, earthquakes, capture to develop civil and human destruction. Masouleh is waiting in line for registration as a World Heritage Site to having more protections. The original language of Masouleh people is as same as the language of the people in the West of Gilan and South of Azerbaijan. Their language is Taleshi that is very close to Avesta and Tati language. The religion of them is Islam and they are Shiite.
Masouleh as a Iran tourist village
Masouleh including the extent of one hundred hectares the area under the protection of cultural heritage and natural resources is one of the best climate points of Iran that tens of thousands of tourists each year. Masouleh historical & tourism village is famous in the world due to a unique architecture. Masouleh with high mountains, forest, and Greenfield summer is one of the tourism locations in the northern regions of Iran with abundant natural visual effects especially in the late spring and summer and Shah Moalem peaks in Masouleh with 3050 meters high is the highest point of the Gilan and interesting location for mountaineering groups. Two hotels are in the traditional architecture parts of the Masouleh and several hotels are on the road that leading to the village of Iranian and foreign welcome tourists and also they are lots of hostels and rented houses in this area.
History of Masuleh Stair Stepped village
About the eighth century AD (14th century) the old people of Masouleh that is located in 6 km North West of the village with people from different parts of the vast land of Iran moved to the point that now known as Masouleh. This village lost most of its population due to the following the construction of new link road between the village of Gilan and Azerbaijan, and also the famine in 1320. Caravansaries communication highway of North and Azerbaijan were lost boom and the market traded leather and metal industries fell away. In the wake of that, most of the wealthy people of the village emigrated to the capital and other major cities and abroad. After registering the village as a cultural and natural heritage, Architectural Heritage Department and Environmental Protection Agency did not allow to construct and develop the city. Future generations settled in spotter of Iran, especially in the Northern part and Tehran.
In the 10 km above the new village remains the old village with artifacts and human such as stone oven … that have been scattered in the area range which can be counted among the arte facts . Archaeological excavations conducted have been found the old pottery village belonging to the fifth to eighth centuries AD that they are accurate remarkable historical documentation. From 1385 Masouleh old village was in the national index.
The geography of the Masuleh village
Today Masouleh city is a small village consist of traditional architecture that is with 100 hectares Green mountains located in the deep heart of nature is in the geographical coordinates 48 degrees, 59 minutes east longitude, and 37 degrees, nine minutes north latitude and the range of it from the north of the city to Masal, from the south to the Olia Tarom and from the East to the Fuman plain and from the west to the Khalkhal province ( Zanjan province), central area of village overlooks from three directions North, South and West to the mountain and from the East to the beautiful valley its height from the Free sea is 1050 meters with Mountainous climate with cool summers and cold and snowy winters. Surrounding of Masouleh covered by forests and the main connectivity road is a prolate way to the Fuman.Masouleh has a unique architecture. Driveway enclosure and roofs both use as the sidewalk. The village architectural fabric is formed during the Zandieh and small streets and many stairs do not let anyone to use the motor vehicle. Masouleh architecture is described in one sentence: Top buildings courtyard are roofs of the low buildings. Numbers of floors of buildings are usually 2.
Neighborhoods villages of Masouleh
Masouleh Has a bazaar with 4 floors and 4 main parts:
Khane bar (Khuna var)
Masjid bar (Maza var)
Key Sar ( contains: Kafa Key sar and Ben Key sar)
Asade Mahale ( Asamal)
All of them in the independent mood have immediately associated with town Bazar. Now in Masouleh there are more than 350 residential units that are in the past (100 years ago), the number of units was 600. There is more than 120 commercial units within its market, More than 4 caravansarais, 2 Treasure bathrooms, More than 33 public fountains ( Khuni), 10 Mosque and 5 Shrines indicative of prosperity the city in recent periods. Masouleh population has declined over the past 60 years.
Economy of Masuleh
Being on the former communications highway and existence of eight caravansaries indicates this content that many peoples in Masouleh have been traded. Masouleh handicrafts contain : Wood and metal industries was common until about the sixties which is now completely destroyed . Now the village economy is based on tourism.
Genesis of Masuleh
The old Masouleh which is located in the “eight kilometers West Road of Khalkhal” was the original and primary settlement of the persons from Masouleh that now a day remain a stone wall building from that time. In the first archaeological excavations of the Fuman city that took place in September 1374 by the Archaeology Institute of Gilan Cultural Heritage, it was found that from fifth to eighth centuries this old village was one of the most important centers ijn the field of Metalworking . Also, Glazed pottery with various colors that have the characteristics of Seljuk time was discovered in this area this district because of its historical importance and validity was recorded in the national index in September 1385. About Masouleh persons moved to the current location there are many different opinions that one of the most important of that is one of the grandchildren of the first imam of Shias with one of the children of the seventh Shiite imam Musa al-Kazim whose his tomb is located in Astaneh Ashrafieh in Gilan was wounded in a battle near Tarom of Zanjan city and took the Masouleh village way and died in the current location of Masouleh and w as buried there .
After that gradually the people from Masouleh were built their houses around his tomb and thus the current Masouleh was formed. One traditionary says the reason of Masouleh persons migration to the current location was due to great earthquake of 890 AD and also another traditionary mentioned the epidemics of plague in the year 943 AH in Iran as the reason of displacement. But later generations, not immanent in the new location and this city that was the trading center and highway between Azerbaijan and Gilan and Zanjan and Bazaars, caravanserais and metal and nonmetal industry and was boomed in these ways had a dramatic decline. In a part of time Masouleh was the center of gravity of the Gilan , Zanjan and-and Azerbaijan and it was one of the special importance of this village but with the creation of the main ways between Gilan and Azerbaijan, Gilan, and Zanjan from the other routes, Masouleh lost its economic boom and , followed by, its population occupation of the country during World War II in the year 1320 and the chaos from it , was effected on a Masouleh native people immigration . Masouleh municipal was founded in 1311 AH but it was closed in 1318 and it began to work again in 1341 AH. Masouleh persons have a great role in the history of the Forest movement against the invasion of Russia and Great Britain. Masouleh persons helped force Forest and someone like martyr Babaghlamly fought alongside them.
Masuleh language
The Original language of Masouleh persons as same as the people in West of Gilan and South of Azerbaijan Republic is “Talysh language” . Talysh language is one of the north-western Iranian languages and it is also for the person who speaks in this way. Talysh language is from the family of Caspian languages and it is very close to Tati language. “Talesh language” is also cognate with the other languages of Caspian Bank like “Gilaki” and “Mazandarani” but it has significant differences with them. Tat’s , Taleshy’s and Mazandarani’s peoples speak different languages that they are different from Persian language and similar to the Medo-Persian and Avesta languages. Talysh language is similar to Avesta and Kurdish languages. This language is close to the Azerbaijani ancient language. Talysh language is contained as a northwest of the Iranian languages that is very similar to Medo-Persian , Azeri, Avesta, old Azeri languages.
Origins of Masuleh people
Being Masouleh in the communication highway of Gilan and Azerbaijan and also having 8 Caravansaries confirms the fact that many old people have been commuting in this town and many people have been residing in the village over the years due to immigration and marriage. So you cannot say that the Masouleh persons are originally from Talesh and from the past as their language is similar to the Mare- Perthian they could easily have verbal communication with various Iranian tribes base on the language that they speak and also similarities to Avesta and Kurdish languages. Also, this language is close to the ancient Azerbaijani language. “Talysh language” is considered as Iranian Northwest languages and also it has lots of similarities with old Azeri language. Although Taleshi and Gilaki (the main language of center and East of Gilan ) are different from each other but from the past Masouleh persons speak Gilaki easily together due to associated with Fuman and also because of the multitude of relationship with Azerbaijan , most merchants were familiar with the Turkish language. Maybe you can define Masouleh persons as Non-agricultural people, and often have industry and trade, Iran consists of different ethnicities who knew Talysh language and they lived several generations together in the current location of the Masouleh And also due to speak a certain kind of Talysh language, on behalf of the people of the towns and nearby villages this village refers Masouleh.
Masuleh village culture
There is another significant point in the culture of Masouleh people, and this is that they are hospitable. What is left from the-the last rituals of Masouleh, is the Muharram traditional ceremony that it is the cultural-touristic attraction of Masouleh.
And it attracts huge crowds annually and the interesting thing is that, unlike many places, preacher and miracle play eulogies and actors do not get any money. As possible constructions in Masouleh is limited (only failure reconstructed) inhabitants and is fixed people that they are living there is lower than 1000 persons but dozens of Masouleh residents are still living in major cities of Iran and outside Iran. Masouleh Restaurant in Chicago, in the United States of America, represents the Masouleh village and Iranian and Gilani foods with the great managements of Mr. Nasiri Masouleh.
The appellation of Masuleh name
Masouleh name or with the original pronounce Masouleh in the Taleshi language from the ninth to the eighth century and later on used it in its current form. Someone said its came from the name of a mountain near the Masouleh village with the name of “Mahsalar”. They believe that this area was called “Masalar” at first and because of the plurality of application its transformed to Masouleh.
In another narrative, the word Masouleh is formed from the combination of two words : “Moss” and “Ole”. The first part of the Iranian culture means mountain and barrier and the second part is also meant high which in a combination with a diminutive “in” has come with the meaning of “like”. So “Masouleh” can have the meaning of “high mountain” or “Mount as”. Whit relying on Sanskrit and Persian Pahlavi it has also the meaning of the “little moon” or “land of the tiny moon”. Someone know this name derived from the name of “Mosul” in the Kurdish city and believe that the primary persons of Masouleh were Kurdish and had Izadi religion. Now if we pass from the history of Masouleh Muharram especial events and funeral in this Wadi there has not been paying attention to a simple difference between different kinds of “s” and also the similarity of the name of Masouleh and Masal (the city near the Masouleh) so it seems superficial interpretation this interpretation also makes other stories by biased or uneducated people that they had related Yazidis to the Yazid Umayyad Caliph…in another word Masouleh is the Arabic and Compound word from the words : “Ma”, “soo” ,“leh” with the meaning of “The place where poverty and ugliness don’t have any place”. Many researchers don’t know such justified and traditions properly. What seems more correct is due to the similarity of the name of the Masouleh and Masal , (A city near the Masouleh) and the village with the name of Khani Masouleh in the Masal city and also since at the beginning this name was related to the Old Masouleh(Talesh language Khan Masouleh) the main core of the Masouleh persons that have been moved to 8 KM lower from the Old Masouleh. Depending on the weather , land slope, it made for easier defended against marauding bands and also for adroit chain and as well as evidence such as Masouleh veterans dialect that even back to the Persian before the Arabs arrival. Masoulehis the city with very unsaid and unknown parts.
Masuleh registered in The World Heritage List
Masouleh global record from was put on the agenda from the year 90, but the lack of an integrated urban management and there were 11 Electrical Department , Water and Wastewater buildings,Telecommunications, meteorology, cooperative handicraft, health center, business unit, two residential units is a barrier in the green airspace over the global village .
To fix this problem in the first stage proposed that two office buildings of electricity and telecommunications temporarily transmitted for 3 to 5 years into the Masouleh tissue. That with the demolition of these two buildings the free part of green Masouleh airspace and the registration process will continue.
However, from the year 76 downstream areas of the historic fabric of the Masouleh was in the green airspace and construction was forbidden, but the problem of 11 heterogeneous buildings which are located in this part of the historical city has not been resolved yet.
Now device management server at a Masouleh historic city is separate. That based on the UNESCO condition should be integrated management. Masouleh historical city in 30.5.1354 was known as the first living historical city of our country and has been registered as a complete set in the national index Iran.
