Baneh is one of the cities in Kordestan province. Some of Baneh Souvenirs contain Wood Joinery, Hand weaving, Woodturning, Build local ornaments, Needlecraft and refinish, Pottery, Mat weaving, Cotton summer Embroidered, Felting, Producing Leather products, Hand weaving contains Prayer rug, Wave, Scarf, Jajim, Glim, Glimcheh, and Suiting.You can find them in the most parts of the Kordestan cities and villages. Ornaments are contained: bracelet, Necklaces, Bangle, Circlet, Snood, and Earring. Wood Joinery contains Pack of cigarette, female bag, Tray, Dish, The dish for the sweet and special dish for Nuts.
Morning glory is known in the world with the scientific name of Ipomoea tricolor. This plant is in the groups of perennials from the family of Convolvulaceae and it is local in the tropical places, especially Mexico, center and the south of America and it is cultivating in the widespread regions of the world either.
This plant has the always green, shrub, continual, one year, winder and scaler spices. Trumpet flowers of it are growing in the half second part of summer and half first part of autumn.
Morning glory in the time of growing can have 2-4 meters tall and has ordered, screwed leaves that they are 3-7 centimeters with long petioles in 1.5 – 6 centimeters tall. The flowers are in the shape of the trumpet and have 4-9 centimeters diameter and they are mostly in the blue shape with golden yellow and white center.
Someone knows this plant because of the speed of growth and its prodigious seed production as the invasive weed.
As a today modern usage Morning glory is in the part of Ivy. As the flower of it is in the shape of Trumpet has blue hard pleasant or light red gentle color, in the high mood of freshness that they are open early morning and after some hours withered.
Needs:
Morning Glory needs light and complete sun for flowering. This flower needs soil with appropriate humidity and drain. Of course, it can tolerate a little dryness of the soil either. Mild weather is appropriate for Morning Glory but it can grow in the tropical places either.
Proliferation
Morning Glory proliferation is possible through cultivate seeds of that in the spring or happened with semi-ripe wood or softwood cuttings in the summer. For training, this plant needs the completely bright place and Humus-rich soil that it has the appropriate drain. It needs protection for growing up. This plant watered every day in summer. The farmer must make the plant thin and make branches short in every spring. The appropriate weather for growing any kind of this plant is in between 0 – 10 °C.
Hallucinogenic properties
No part of Morning Glory must use as edible food. The seed of that usually has the Hallucinogen properties and they are known as Acid amide D-lysergic or LSA. Also, these seed has kinds of Glycoside that if the people consume it maybe they will feel Nausea.
Ziziphora is the name of one genus of plants from Lamiaceae family, it calls to narrow leave Thyme and it is mountain plant. This plant has the hot and spicy smell as same as mint, however, with its special aroma use both in cooking and traditional medicine. The smell of the Ziziphora is very similar to the Thyme and it is a little as same as Pennyroyal.
In Iran, there are fourth species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants of Ziziphora.
The consumable parts of this plant are as follow:
- Aerial parts (leaves and flowers)
- Essential oil of this plant has pulegon, Menton, iso menthone, menthol, Tannins, flavonoids and …
Properties of Ziziphora Plant
One nutritionist said Ziziphora plant is stomach tonic and antiseptic of the respiratory tract.
This nutritionist added Ziziphora plant is from the Mint family that is consuming for making yogurt and buttermilk tasty.
He said this plant is stomach tonic and disinfectants respiratory tract and it has the properties of Mint.
Ziziphora is as follow:
- Warm and dry
- Bactericidal
- Mucus
- Anti-colds
- Intestine antiseptic
He added that the effectiveness of Ziziphora plant is as same as Thyme. Thyme mostly consumes for the treatment of respiratory diseases but Ziziphora is often consumed for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and cramps.
Properties of Ziziphora contain as to strengthen the body, sexual power, disinfectants, anti-flu, heart nourishing and…
The other names of this plant contain as follow:
- Kakuteh
- Pouneh Kouhi (Oregano)
- Alafeh Kabk (Quebec Grass)
- Ashtouya
- Palang Moshk (Musk Leopard)
Some of the important medicinal properties of Ziziphora (Nature and Medicinal properties)
Medicinal properties of Ziziphora
The nature of Ziziphora is warm and dry. Properties of Ziziphora are very similar to the properties of Thyme, with this kind of change that Thyme mostly consumes for the respiratory diseases but Ziziphora is mostly consumed in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and cramps.
Some of these properties of Ziziphora are as follow:
- If it is consuming in the morning and evening instead of tea so it is coming to be profitable for bile.
- Ziziphora is Carminative, Mucus and the reason of Menstruation happening.
- Ziziphora is the amplifier of male sexual power.
- One of the properties of Ziziphora is strengthened the body of the people whom they have the weak body. These people must consume from the Ziziphora in the bathroom. In this way that they must boil about 100 grams of the Ziziphora in 3 Liter of water then pour it in the tub and sitting inside.
- Ziziphora in the two shapes of brewed or boiled are consuming for the treatment of Malta fever.
- From the other properties of the Ziziphoar is making the stomach strengthening, if the people consume it about 1 hour after their food in the brewed shape.
- Brewed shape of Ziziphora is good from preventing nose bleeding. Put the cotton impregnated to Ziziphora inside your nose.
- Ziziphora plant is bactericidal, anti-flu, intestine antiseptic.
- Ziziphora is the reason of absorption of food and it doesn’t have negative effects in the Iron of the Consumable food.
- In Pakistan, Ziziphora use for the treatment of the Typhoid sickness.
- Ziziphora is mostly consumed for the gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and cramps and antispasmodic.
- The plant of Ziziphora is very helpful to relieve of rheumatism and rickets and gargling decoction of Ziziphora is very effective in resolving Tonsil
- It is a good beverage in summer to make the body cold.
- Ziziphora harms (Lateral complications, contraindications, and caution items)
- Consuming Ziziphora in the pregnancy period has affected in the absorption of iron.
Generally consuming Ziziphora must not be in the shapes of a lot and in a continuous way and it is better that refrain of consuming it after 6 days continuous consume, one day and after 3 weeks of consuming one week.
Another usages and properties of Ziziphora
Ziziphora plant is in the mountain parts of Iran (especially Kordestan) consuming as the spice in foods and in a wide applicability in baking Italian foods is the better alternative than Thyme.
From chopped leaves of Ziziphora people can consume as the taste of Dough. Shepherds and climbers collecting Ziziphora plants and prepare tea.
In Azerbaijan in spring season local people collecting this plant and add it to tea. Also consuming the dry shape of Ziziphora in this region in the shape of powder is very common.
For preparing Ziziphora Tea:
Three times a day, and in every innings pour one teaspoon about 2-3 grams of Ziziphora powder in one cup of boiling water after Ten minutes smooth it and drink it after your food.
Silybum marianum with the scientific name of Silybum marianum or it is also known by the name of “Mari Tiqal” near the Iranian persons. The known names of this plant in the world contain as English names and Scots names of “milk thistle”, “marian thistle” or “mary thistle”.
This plant is in the rows of dicotyledonous plants, the row of Aster and Chicory family. The time of growing this plant takes about one year or in some kinds two years. It is growing by itself. Appearance contains flowers with red, purple colours and fades leaves. The colour of that is green willing to yellow with white veins.
Description and Appearance
During its growth period grows about 30-200 centimeters and has the conical shape. The bush is on average grows until 168-centimeter diameters. The stem is in the shape of cotton around itself and the most parts of this stem are free. The leaves are mostly in the shapes of rectangular or in the shapes of spear around itself and usually dissipates of that is in the shape of multiple or two leaves. The colorful flower heads are about 4-12 centimeters width.
This plant grows in the northern hemisphere from the June until the middle of September and in the Southern Hemisphere, you can find that from December until first of February. The seeds have the colour of dark green or in some strains it is black. The calyx of flower that the seeds are locating inside it has the yellowish colour.
Habitat
The most abundant area that this plant grows there is the southeast coast of England( the most abundant point of Earth), Iran, north America, Australia and New Zealand. The farms that they built by man, are estimated for the raw material industrial and pharmaceutical consumers that they are located in the large areas in Austria(Valdvyrtl area), Germany, Hungary, Poland, China and Argentina and in the Europe regions implant this plant, do every year in the middle of the March-April annually and harvest them are happen about 2-3 weeks after flowering the plant in two levels (cutting and cleaning or threshing)in August. Seeds of this plant are one of the most important natural industry resources of Liver disease.
Silymarin material that is located in the seeds of this plant is one of the most effective antidotes also even for the cases of poisoning due to a fatal fungus of Amanita phalloides. The flowers also have the aesthetic use for decorating gardens and baskets.
Chemical mixture
The seed of Silybum marianum contains about 4-6 percents of Silymarin and the extract of this plant contains 65-80 percents of Silymarin and 20-35 percent of fatty acid. The Silymarin of this plant contains 7 types of Aflavnvlygnan(Silybin A type, Silibin B type, Izusylibin A type, Izusylibin B type, Sylykrystyn, IzoSylykrystyn and Silydianin) and one Taksyfvlyn (Construction of the yellow colour or flavonoids ).
Conducted clinical trials
Silybum marianum consumes of many sicknesses such as Liver and it is coping with cancer either. But it must be pointed out that science experiments about this plant were contradictory and inconsistent. In some of the experiments, Silymarin that is located in this plant and it is on a regular basis from 420 to 480-milligram prescription in 2 or 3 behests daily. As well as for certain diseases higher doses of this material have been prescribed for example daily 600 grams prescribed for a person with second types of diabetes that it had excellent and notable results and also 600-1200 grams amount of that prescribed for a person with C hepatitis that of course, it had not notable results.
The extract of the Silybum marianum plant with the extract of the Dandelion, consume to fix pale skin in a state of the hangover and also excrete toxins due to excessive consumption of alcohol.
Experimental observations
In the past times Silybum marianum in the China traditional medicine consume as a cleaner of inside, Detoxification, Softening liver and Tonic for the gallbladder. Although the therapeutic properties of this plant are still unknown, this plant prescribes in some of the cases for the Liver Diseases (Jaundice, cirrhosis, and hepatitis), scientific tests on the animals show that the Symilarin that is in this plant has Hpatvprtktyv property. This property is the reason of protection of Livre cell from poisons. The research organization about cancer of Iran in England said that: On the internet, you can find some cases that they told that the seeds of Silybum marianum help to decrease the speed of growing center cells inside the body, but there is not any kind of document to prove that.
Food use
Silybum marianum because of the medicinal properties of itself that it was proved in the past it was using for the people in around the world as food either.
The roots of this plant can be consumed in the both shapes of raw and sodden with Butter and or in the grilled shape, you can cut young branches of that until their roots and then boil them and consume. In the past, fresh barbed branches around the flowers of this plant ate as same as Artichoke. Also, the stems of this plant can be consumed after cleaning and be soak in the water for one night (for removing its bitter taste) in the stew. The leaves of this plant can be consumed in the shapes that it must first of all be clean from the thistles and then use in the shape of alternative for Spinach or you can add the leaves to the salad and consume them.
Also, you can cut or wear away the stems or remove the thistle leaves around the flowers, remove the pink petals in the way that the seeds don’t remove from them, the bowl of the flower with its seeds can be consumed in both shapes of boiled, raw or in the salad. Also, the people in the south of Iran (Garash, Laar regions,…) make the bowl of this flower and its seeds in the shape of pickles and consume.
This plant is toxic to animals
Because of the existence of the potassium nitrate in this plant, observed that eating of that is harmful to the flocks of cows and sheep. When this plant is eating by the ruminants the existence bacteria in the stomach of these animals break the chemical structures and it has the result of product ion nitrate. The ion nitrate change hemoglobin to the mthymvglobyn and it is preventing a transfer of the Oxygen. The result of these events is strangulation or asphyxia.
Side effects
Silybum marianum when they consume in the little amount they don’t have special effects but with the overdose of this plant you can see the special effects of that such as follow:
- Skin allergy
- Eczema
- Headache
- Nausea
- The weakening of the taste power
- Sweat
- Weakness
Also, Silybum marianum will decrease the blood glucose levels. So the people whom they have diabetes or low glucose have warnings about consuming such these plants. Consuming this plant for the people whom they are pregnant or Breastfeeding must be under caution. Silybum marianum in the past gave to the pregnant people to make their milk tonic but today base on the researches the people understands that eating this plant has sides effects for the consumer.
Drugs that they make from this plant
Following of researches about this plant, drugs were made and produce from them in the recent years. Most of these kinds of drugs are in the shapes of the capsule in different weights from 70-14- milligram, liquid extract, solution, or the newest produce of drug, is the compound of silybin fesfatydl colin. Different researches on this compound show that this one is more effective than the natural ones because fesfatydl Colin that is one of the key components of the cell is the reason of entrance the syblin easier in the cellular environment.
Veneris plant with the scientific name of Adiantum capillus-Veneris is the name of one group of Parsiavashan plants that they grow in Iran. This genus is count in the groups of medicinal plants. This plant is in the perennial groups of plants of the Ferns category with the narrow stems and small leaves and it is growing in the warm and wet places.
Veneris plant has many medicinal properties. This plant has black, hard, slim and sleek branches with about 20 centimeters lengths and small leaves as same as the leaves of Coriander in the shape of slash. This plant doesn’t have stem, flower, fruit or seed. The plant has root with no valuable pharmaceutical value.
You can mostly find this plant in the parts that they have shadowed the places next to the old wells, ditches, and wet places.
Veneris plant has many medicinal properties that some of them are as follow:
- Liver detoxification
- Help to treat jaundice
- Help to treat icterus
- Help to stave off kidney stones easily
Some of the others properties of this plant are as follow:
- It is useful forward off Bladder stones.
- It is cure shortness of breath.
- It relieves coughs and colds.
- It is a diuretic.
- It is treating inflammation of the throat
- It is effective in the treatment of bronchitis.
- Eating dry dust of this plant is useful for diarrhea.
- Fuel poultice of this plant is operated to prevent hair loss and grow it.
- It is Antipyretic.
How to prepare brewed Veneris plant?
- To brewed this plant you must only use from its leaves.
- Pour a cup of water on two teaspoons of dried Veneris leaves in one dish and if the leaves were fresh only pour one-fourth of a cup of water is enough.
- When the mixture boil let it continue its boiling for five minutes in a slow mood.
- Pour the mixture into a colander.
- If you want that the mixture comes to be sweet pour a little honey. For the better taste, you can add some drops of Lime either.
Attention
- Before use, this medicinal plant gives consult from your doctor.
- Don’t use the brewed of Veneris plant always. You can use it for example for 10 days and after that wait for 5 days and then use it again.
- Using the medicinal plants can have lateral complications so if you see any of them (complications) you must see your doctor as soon as possible.
- Only take one cup of this brewed in a day unless the time that you catch acute diseases such as flu or influenza, that you can use 3 cups of it in the day for 4 days.
The Basil seed syrup is one of the traditional syrups of Iran that is mostly consumed in the hot season and cold shape.
Components of syrup are as follow:
- Water
- Basil seed
- Sugar
- Rosewater
- Ice
You can add Saffron to above materials either.
Basil seed is actually seeds of Basil plant that because of the glazed component it is consuming in the shape of the solution in water (syrup). The glaze of these seeds after water absorption comes to be in the jelly shape that it can be used for thirst quenching.
Properties:
Using from Basil seeds in the water is one of the best ways to lose weight. The Basil seed syrup in addition of quench the thirst is very well and effective for Keeping blood pressure in a balanced mood, losing weight relieving gastritis or the other digestive disorders.
Properties of the Basil Seed
Basil seed is the plant that it has automatic germination, annual and as same as the Basil but only it has very small leaves and seeds.
The stems of this plant are in the shape of the square and its flowers are willing to red and they are pink. This plant grows in the early of spring in mountain and deserts.
The seed of that is black transparent and when you pouring water immediately it creates batter modes and enamelled shape inside the water that is very slippery and the colour of that trends to the grow. A glaze of seeds after absorption water coming to be as same as Faloudeh (Iranian dessert). Basil seeds are actually the seeds of the Basil mountain plant that because of having glazed compounds it is using in the shapes of syrup (solubility in water). A glaze of these seeds after absorption of water become to be in the shapes of jellies that it can be consumed for thirst quenching. Basil seed has many properties and it is not in the way that it is only recommended for the hot seasons of the year.
The other names of this plant contain as follow:
- Badrouj
- Khorasani Torre
- Auqymen
- Houk
- Boureng
- Seryra
- Badrouj Abiz
Basil seed make body thin
Consuming from Basil seed in the water solution is one of the best ways for losing weight. Gelatinous seeds of Basil seed without any calorie make persons for a long time in the satiate mood and instead of eating harmful drugs it is one of the best ways of losing appetite.
Fix respiratory diseases with Basil seed
- These small black seeds have some properties. They are helpful for treatment of respiratory diseases.
- The combination of Basil seed with honey and ginger is very effective in the treatment of asthma, coughs, colds, flu and bronchitis.
Other properties of Basil seed
- Basil seed consumers for the treatment of digestive disorders such as stomach pain, bloating, constipation, indigestion and irregular bowel functions.
- It will well person mood and it is fixing mental exhaustion, nervous tension, depression, migraine, hypochondria.
- From the oil that is giving from chopping the seeds of syrup people using for the treatment of infections such as the wound, notch, bladder infection, skin infections and …
- In China country using from Basil seed for the treatment of infections, stomach pain, snake bite, insects and lowering the body temperature.
- As it has antispasmodic effect so it will treat a whooping cough.
- It is very effective in thirst quenching.
- The other problem that is very usual in all parts of the world right now is blood pressure that is come to be high usually after eating foods (especially foods full of starch) and if you eat Basil seed near food the starch materials little by little will free their glucose and in this way you will gradually have balanced energy in whole day.
- Basil seed has many Protein, Iron, Potassium, and Calcium. However, the people whom they have the problem with absorption Calcium must know that one mineral material with the name of Boron in Basil seed is the reason of absorption Calcium and transfer it to bones.
Healing properties and Consumption method
Acquisitiveness:
Add Basil seed to the syrup that you like and drink it after about 2 minutes.
Strengthen the heart:
Pour Basil seed in the Eglantine or Musk willow extract and drink.
Strengthen the nerves:
Mix Basil seed with lemon balm extract and make it sweet with honey and drink. Do it 2,3 times in a day.
Shortness of a breath and dry cough:
Dissolve one teaspoon of Basil seed in warm water and drink it sipping.
Every year when the tide is happening large quantities of all kinds of mussels, snails, and remains of the Persian Gulf Aquaculture pours in the several islands of this Gulf coast (Kish, Abu Musa, Lark, Qeshm, Hormoz, etc.) that they are collected by gusto of people and they produce panel, statues and various objects from them.
The raw consumables materials are containing:
- Shell of snails
- oysters
- the bone of fish
- scallop and coral
They use colorless glue to connect the selected pieces.
Behbahan is the city in the Khuzestan province. This city has many attractions for travelers. Khuzestan and the cities that it has inside had good weather for agriculture. The good weather of the Khuzestan is the reason that it has such a great souvenirs in lots of variations. The most famous souvenirs of Khuzestan is date and date palm of this city have variation in many kinds that Behbahan souvenirs are from them.
These souvenirs are representative of whole Khuzestan souvenirs.
Some of the Ahvaz souvenirs are as follow:
- Sugar Halva
- Sesame Halva
- Ardeh Halva
- Ardeh Sap
- Traditional cookies
- Many kinds of spices such as paprika
- Palm fiber
Date Palm
Date palm is one of the best souvenirs of Ahvaz. Khuzestan province especially Ahvaz has many Nakhlestan (Palms trees) inside itself that every year they prepare some percentages needs of the country. You can see lots of variations of dates palms in this city and taste each one that you want and prepare it base on your taste.
Totally Date palms organize into two parts:
1/Wet date palms
2/ Dry date palms
Wet date palm is the one that it has sap like the Mazafaty date. Dry date palm is the one that they picked from the tree late and they are dry in half.
Date palm has hot nature near the many properties as follow:
- It is energy producer
- A rich source of iron
- Protein
- Comestible fiber
- Potassium
- Vitamin
Many people Know Date palm as the complete meal that it is the source of energy. You can find many models of date palms from Khuzestan province.
Sayer Date palm of Behbahan
Behbahan Sayer Date palm is one of the famous dates palms of Khuzestan that most of this product export to Australia and Europe. This date palm is bestselling date palm and has a good price. This kind of date palm is dry and has a very special taste and this is a good selection for the people that they like date palm with such great taste.
Kabkab date palm of Behbahan
One the other desirable date palm of Behbahan is Kabkab date palm. Kabkab date palm is grown in Bushehr and Yazd either. In the comparison appearance of this kind of date, the palm is smaller than the other kinds of date palm in Behbahan. You can find 2 other souvenirs that they have come from the sap and sugar of this date that they are separately available as souvenirs.
Zahedi Date palm of Behbahan
Maybe you have the date and date palm in one category but they are not as same as each other and date palm has different stages to grow. In one of this stages date, palm come to be dark and juicy because of sunlight that you can call it Mazafaty and Kabkab dates. Now if you don’t pick the date and let it be on the tree and come to be dry so it comes to be Zahedi and Payarom date palms. So Zahedi is a kind of date palm that is dry and you can use it instead of sugar near your tea and enjoy it.
Some of the products of Behbahan Date palm
Some of the other souvenirs of Khuzestan province that they come from date palms and dates are as follow:
- Brown core of Date palm
- Vinegar of Date palm
- Sugar of Date palm
- Sap of Date palm
- Manakin
- Halva of Date palm
- Chips of date palm
- Bread of Date palm
- Chocolate of Date
- Many kinds of sweets
Brown core of Date palm
Roasting the core of Date palm then make them powder that they call coffee of date. Brew the coffee date that near its memorable smell you can have the best properties of it for your body, also they make the ointment from this powder either that is fixed eyelid swelling. I suggest to you use and have it as souvenirs for your family and friends.
Sugar of Date Palm
In very past years people make sugar from Date palm and when it was nature it was very well for the body. Now you can prepare this kind of sugar for yourself and you can be sure that it hasn’t disadvantaged for the body. This kind of sugar is very useful for the diabetic peoples.
Manakin date of Behbahan
Manakin is a kind of dry sweet and dessert of South of Iran that is similar to Halva. For making this kind of food you must use date palm and walnut that it will make the energy produced food and it is very well and useful for the body. This kind of food decorates in many variations.
Sap of date palm of Behbahan
The sap of date is very nutrition and use it near Ardeh is one of the other souvenirs of Khuzestan province and it is one of the complete meals for everyone. Sap can be use near the tea and it is also used to make any kind of food sweet.
Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan Tusi born in year 570 in Tus, died 653 in Baghdad, Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi. He was Poet, Philosopher, Theologian, Faqih, Astronomer, Scientist, Thinkers, Iranian mathematician and astronomer of Seventh century. His sobriquet is “Abu Ja’far” and he was famous for such titles: “Nasir Uddin”, “researcher Tusi”, “Master of human ” and “eunuch”.
Scientific activities
He has revived again Mashaei philosophy tradition that was ebbing after Ibn Sina. He was gathered set of votes and Shiite theological views in the book of “Tajrid Alatqad” (Prophethood Subject ). He made Maraqeh Observatory and made a library near that and it was about forty thousand book covers inside this library. He was nurturing students (Like Qutb al-Din Shirazi) and gathering Iranian scientists was the factor of transfer civilization and Iran Knowledge before the Mongol to the future.
He is one of the developers of trigonometry. In the 16th century, his Trigonometry books were translated into French.
Biography
Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi is one of the best known and most influential Figures in the history of currents of the Islamic intellectual. He learned religious and rational sciences under the opinion of his father and logic and natural the wisdom under the opinion of his uncle. He completed his studies in Neyshabur. He was found famous as an outstanding scientist in Neyshahbur either. He was busy with his scientific works near Nasereddin and Mohtasham Quhistan at the time of Mongol invasion to Iran. In this time, he wrote Naseri Ethics. After some time, he moved to the Ismailis in the castle of Alamut, but after the onslaught of Mongol Hulegu and end the reign of the Ismailis Hulegu constructed Nasir Uddin as his minister and consultant, as far as he helped Hulegu to the overthrow of the Abbasid and strike to Baghdad.
Khajeh Nasiroddin Tusi was buried in Kazemain.
The birthplace and birth
There is conflict about birth place of Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi, some books and sources know his father as the elders and scholars of Qom but in some sources knows Jahroud village of Saveh as the birth place of him that he went with his family for pilgrimage of the Eighth Shi’a Imam to Mashhad and after pilgrimage, when they came back because of the illness of his spouse, they took up house in one of the Neighbourhood’s of Tus. He was born there when his family was living there. His father named him Mohammad.
Education
The days of childhood and adolescence of Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi was spent in Tus. He was in these days after reading and writing, Quran reading, Arabic, and Persian rules taught meanings and express and hadith near his father. After that base on the speaking of his father he went near his uncle that he was the famous scientists in mathematics, Hekmat, and logic, so he paid to learn these sciences. Then with the guide of his father he went to one of the famous scholars in mathematics and studied but a little time after that he decided to have a trip. The people say he told to his father that I taught to whatever that I know and he asks me (father) something that I have no answer for them!
After a while, the uncle of his father whom he had special expertise in the science of men, Elements, and Hadith came to the Tus and Khajeh studied many things from him. Though he couldn’t learn any new thing from him. But his lots of intelligence and talent provoked amazement and wonder of the master’s in the way that he recommended him for improved his science immigrate to the Neishabur.He put the clothes of religious scholars by the hands of his professor. After that, he was honored with the title of Nasir Uddin by his professor. After that Khajeh went to the Neishabur and with the recommendation of the uncle of his father went to the Serajyeh school and for the period of a year educated near Serajedin Qomry that he was one of the great masters of the Fiqh course and principles in that school. After that in Presence of professor Fariduddin Damad, one of the students of (Imam Fakhre Razi) learns the book of “Allusions of Ibn Sina”. After topics, numerous scientific of Fariduddin with Khajeh, his interest, and extraordinary talent, appeared in compare with gaining knowledge and Fariduddin introduce him to one of the students of Fakhreh Razi. Thus he could learn the book of “Law of Ibn Sina” completely and well near “Qotbeddin Mesry Shafi’I”. In addition to the above books, he gets the benefit of the presence famous mystic of that land “Attar Neyshabouri” (died 627). Khajeh in which was the owner of the valuable Sciences and was always looking to earn more Science and Technology, after studying with Neishabur scientists went to the Rey and be familiar with the great scientist “Burhanuddin Qazvini”. After that, he decided to went to Isfahan, but in the middle of the way after getting familiar with “Meysam Bin Ali Meysam Bohrani” with his invitation and with the intent of using of Isfahani Khajeh lesson went to the Qom.
After Qom Kahejeh went to the Isfahan and then went to the Iraq. He learned Fiqh from the presence of the Edris and Zohre Heli student Mesry Mazani and in the year of 619 AH. received permission of telling the story from his master. As written for the time Khajeh learned Fiqh from Hilli and in front of Hilli learned Hekmat from Khajeh. “Kamaloddin Mosli” was living in Iraq Mosel city was one of the other science that khajeh learned Astronomy and mathematics from him, And so the Tusi researcher passed the education time. After many years being far from the home and family, he decided to went to the Khorasan.
Influences and exclusively monuments
A 60 kilometers crater in the Southern Hemisphere of the Moon has been named Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi. Also, an asteroid was discovered by Russian astronomer in 1979 that called Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi.
Tehran university and also Shamkhay Observatory in Azerbaijan has the name of Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi.
In 2013 ad. Google base, on the occasion of 812 years of Birth of Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi put a picture of him on the website and it was accessible in The Arabian countries. Base on the B.B.C. This site emphasized that he had Iranian ancestry that has the reflections in the Arabic countries.
In Iran fifth of March is the day of birth of Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi called engineer day.
Effects
His life was founded by two ethical and scientific goals. Khajeh Nasir Uddin Tusi in most fields of science and philosophy has writings of treatises and compilations that most of them are in the Arabic language. But 25 percent of his writings are in the Persian language. Nasir Uddin, unlike Ibn Sina, didn’t try to translate the Arabic words to Persian and change the Arabic expressions to the Persian expression and used common words of his time for writing his Persian effects. The most famous effects of him are contained: “Asas Al Eqtebas” and “Akhlaqe Naseri”.
Gabbeh or the rug is the kind of carpet with another gender that is usually weaving in the small shape and by the hands of Lor and Qashqai nomads.
Early humans used of the skin of animals as their ground cloth. With the passage of time, they domesticated animals that they have wooly skin and obtained enough experiments in making necessary tools, they spine the wools of the animals and weaved simple kilims that they were the first warp and weft ground clothes.
Later base on the experiments and tries they made different kinds of ground clothes in the variety of shapes that one of them has the name of Gabbeh.
Gabbeh has high lint and the numbers of woof in making of itself and that it has more impressive effect in the softness of Gabbeh. In some kinds of Gabbeh, the numbers of woofs are from 3-8 in every row and the height of them are sometimes come to be until one centimeter.
History
It is not truly understood that where the name of Gabbeh from. The scientific of carpet today for finding the root of this word passes very hard sophisticated ways.
They find two meanings for this word that the fist on is “Ugly and usual” and the second one is “Protection”. But today the meaning of this word is “Rough” and that is the kind of carpet and has coarse weaves. At first, it was as the woven ground cloth that was the barrier of influence the cold state of the ground.
Different Gabbeh designs
At first, Gabbehs were weaving simple and without any special design. The weavers weaved Gabbeh by inspiration from the environment and nature around themselves and they work by their designs inside their mind on Gabbeh either.
Because the weavers made Gabbeh for their needs and personal consumers so they use to form their idea inside their mind to made Gabbeh and sometimes they weave their wishes on Gabbeh and show them to anyone else. These wishes are as same as the design of Chador (scarf) that it has maybe the meaning of having fixed shelter and or having the role of the human as family and the other designs that each of them shows their unique role for anybody.
Gabbeh is the tissue that it contains origin and designs that they use in weaving them are making shapes of them different from the other kinds of tissues. Most of Gabbeh designs are inspiration from the nature around weavers and the things that they happened in the weaver’s mind.
The most important designs of Gabbeh are as follow:
Lion design
The most important design that it was weaving around nomads is the lion that is the only common one between weavers from different regions.
Adobe or frame shape design
This design is one of the most practical designs of Gabbeh and it is beloved in between of Fars and Bakhtiari weavers. The basis of that includes designs with regular frames that each of the frames individually coordinated design with the other frames.
Designs that they use in the frames and make frames beautiful are as follow:
- Geometric designs
- Tree, flower and bird designs
- Studs designs
- Star designs
Design of Gabbeh dock
This design contains Bergamot in the middle that it shows a flower that it is the resource of the other flowers and buds that they spread in the Gabbeh.
Design of Gabbeh Flower
The design of the Rose flower inside the Gabbeh called Gabbeh flower.
Design of Eilat
This design is coming from nature around nomads and it is quite subjective. You can find this kind of design mostly inside some frames as follow:
- Oval
- Square
- Circle
- Rectangular
- Lozenge
Each frame is adorning with Iranian origin designs.
Design of Tree
The tree has the important place in the human life that from all trees Weeping willow (symbol of sorrow) and Cedar (symbol of happiness) have most use in between of people.
Design of Corrugated
This kind of design has different spices that they weave by the hands of weavers. Directions of these ways in the Gabbeh are often in the shapes of vertical and skewed and sometimes you can see horizontal ways either.
Home in Home design
There is a mystical concept inside this design. These homes inside each other and monotone are showing abstract pictures from the stages of life that the beginning of that is from the universe and end of that is lead to the gem of essence and existence.
Design of Simple Floor
This kind of Gabbeh incarnate tables without designs against mind. This doesn’t have any designs show the poor rural homes and without product lands of the villagers. The other kinds of designs are used in the villagers Gabbeh that they are as follow:
- Animals
- Man
- Sanctuary
- Four corners
- Crinkle
- Spider
- Lozenge Lozenge
- Lozenge that they are on each other
Comparing of Old and New Gabbeh
The kinds of Gabbeh that they were weaving in the past had colour from themselves. It means that they use the wool of the ship without any changing in the colour of them.
These colours are as follow:
- Black
- White
- Grey
If weavers have a good day they will use white colour but if they don’t spend the enjoyable day so you can understand their feeling from the Black colours of the Gabbeh. Little by little weavers consume from the natural and herbal colours for their wools and combined their mental designs with these colours wools. After this time good welcomes come to these Gabbeh and for having more speed chemical dyes replaced of natural colours and also spinning machine came instead of hand spinning wool. With the disappearance of the old and mental designs, new designs are coming instead of them. However, these designs don’t have the originality of the last designs but they have special beauty for themselves. This kind of Gabbeh has the good boom for a little time but by passing the time they lost their value.
Ways of keeping Gabbeh
As same as the same levels of producing Gabbeh that they contain special importance for itself, keeping it also needs accuracy and attention that it will have the reason for increased durability and price of them.
Damaging elements are including such insects as follow:
- Willow
- Termite
- Beetle
- Mouse
From this group an awful one is Willow. There are some different ways for countering with Willow. These proposed ways are as follow:
- Using special chemical solution in the time of washing
- Spray front and back parts of Gabbeh with insecticide
- Using naphthalene and tobacco in stock
People must avoid from keeping it in dark and wet places, and also in exposed of direct sunlight radiation because they are reasons of making Gabbeh pale.
It is better for staying of them from any kind of wet probable situation using part of carpet under them and exposure them in the air.